Rule based body mechanics calculation

ABSTRACT

The invention is a motion training method. The motion of golf swing will be emphasized. In order to guide a golfer through a proper swing, his/her swing must be analyzed first. To analyze the swing, a set of frame photos will be needed. 
     From those frame photos, the invented method will provide a rule based method to calculate the body mechanics/forces of the golfer. Once the body mechanics/forces are known, the system will then determine the swing is correct or incorrect. If the swing is incorrect, the system will then make suggestions to the golfer about how to correct his/her swing.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/472,891, entitled “Rule Based Body Mechanics Calculation,” filed Jun. 22, 2006 by the same inventor (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,404,774), which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

BACKGROUND 1. Background Art

1. U.S. Pat. No. 5,333,061, Nakashima, et al. Method and apparatus for producing an instructional video analyzing a golf swing.

2. U.S. Pat. No. 5,823,878, Welch, Golf swing analysis apparatus and method.

3. U.S. Pat. No. 6,793,585, Miyamoto, et al. Swing measurement method, golf swing analysis method, and computer program product.

4. United States Patent Application, 20040147330, DiMare, Mark, Swing fault-correction matrix.

2. Other References

[1]. The Everything Golf Instruction Book by Rob Blumer and Dr. Rex Chaney, Adams, 2003.

[2]. The Golf Doctor by Edward Craig, Hamlyn, 2004.

SUMMARY

This invention is related to a motion training/reforming method. Using a video camera to record an action and later reviewing each frame to analyze the movement, is a common practice in many sports. For instance video a golfer's swing and analyze it later. This has already been done for many years. In fact many patents have already been issued for methods which analyze golf swing by using video photos (see Background Art (1), (2) and (3) above).

U.S. Pat. No. 5,823,878 discloses a certain method of analyzing a golf swing by using video photos. The foundation of this method is completely based on motion capturing technology. A set of 3D -points on the golfer's body and club is captured. The (x, y, z)-coordinates of those 3D -points are calculated from at least two sets of photos taking at different angles. Then the body mechanics of the golfer are calculated by processing those captured 3D points with certain general processors.

Any motion, in general, is dominated by certain physical laws/rules. For example, a golf swing is dominated by the following two physical rules (see Other Reference [1] above), i.e. during the swing,

(1) the golfer's upper body rotates around his/her backbone and

(2) the backbone is almost constantly pointing at a fixed direction.

However, these physical rules are completely ignored by U.S. Pat. No. 5,823,878. If those rules can be used in the calculation of the body mechanics, all the complicated system and processes such as motion capturing mentioned in U.S. Pat. No. 5,823,878 will become unnecessary.

Starting with a set of frame photos, this invented method will use a set of physical rules (including those mentioned above) and a set of 2D lines to calculate the body mechanics/forces of the golfer. Once the body mechanics/forces are known, we will have the essential information of the golfer's swing. This essential information will then provide the golfer with a clue of how to correct his/her movement.

Although the motion of golf swing is emphasized, the application of this invented method will not be limited to the golf swing.

Although this invented method can be applied to different kinds of motions, in order to make things clear we will concentrate our motion just on golf swing. A good golf swing is composed of correct body, hip, arm and club movements. The object of this invented training method is to help train a golfer to move his/her body, hip, arm and club correctly.

Using photos to help train a golfer is nothing new. However, this inventive method will take a new approach. A set of consecutive photos will be used as the input. A set of 2D lines on the player's body will be selected from the photos. The selected lines can either be the backbones (see FIG. 1), shoulder lines (see FIG. 2), waist lines or any other meaningful lines. The player's body mechanics will then be calculated from the motion of these selected lines. To make the calculation simple, a set of physical rules which dominates the motion of the swing, will be used. The advantages of adapting physical rules are:

(1) The 3D technology such as motion capturing used in calculating body mechanics (see background patent (2)) becomes unnecessary.

(2) The 3D -points construction which is needed in the classic method (see background patent (2)) will be either unnecessary or greatly reduced.

Once the body mechanics/forces are known, the system will then be able to determine whether the swing is correct or incorrect. If the swing is incorrect, the system will then make suggestions to the golfer about how to correct his/her swing.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 contains a set of frame photos of a golf swing;

FIG. 2 is an illustration of how to obtain the (x, y, z)-coordinates of a golfer's backbone;

FIG. 3 shows how to calculate the rotating angle of the upper body;

FIG. 4 displays the acceleration diagrams of the upper body;

FIG. 5 is an illustration of how to construct the waist lines;

FIG. 6 is an illustration of how to obtain the (x, y, z)-coordinates of the plane normal of a swing plane;

FIG. 7 shows how to calculate the rotating angle of the club;

FIG. 8 displays the acceleration diagrams of the club;

FIG. 9 is an illustration of how to construct the hand and arm lines; and

FIG. 10 is a data flow diagram of the system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION (RULES-A)

During a golf swing, the golfer's body will:

(1) rotate around his/her backbone and

(2) the backbone is almost constantly pointing at a fixed direction (see [1]).

The above physical rules dictate the motion of the golfer's upper body. Deduced from these rules, to obtain a golfer's upper body mechanics, we only need to calculate:

(1) the backbone positions of the golfer and

(2) the rotation angles of the body around the backbone.

How to calculate the backbone positions of the player 100 is shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. FIG. 1 contains a sequence of golf swing frame pictures

(F1, F2, F3, F4, F5).

Two fixed locations M1 and M2 are marked on the golfer's backbone and are connected with a line (see FIG. 1). The same process is repeated for all the frames. We will then have a set of lines

(B1, B2, B3, . . . ).

Note that for the reason of simplicity M1 and M2 are not drawn on all the frames.

Once we have the geometry of (B1, B2 . . . B5), the next step is to get the (x, y, z)-coordinates of (B1, B2 . . . B5). To get the (x, y, z)-coordinates we need both the front and side views. 201 and 203 of FIG. 2 shows the (x, y) components of B 1. 202 and 204 of FIG. 2 shows the (y, z) components of B1. Add the z-component of (y, z) to (x, y) and we will have the (x, y, z)-coordinates of B1. Repeat the same process for all the frames and we will have all the (x, y, z)-coordinates of B1, B2 . . . B5.

With the backbone positions defined, we can now calculate the upper body rotation angles around the backbone. In 301 of FIG. 3 for each frame photo we select two fixed locations M3 and M4 on the shoulder. Connect M3 and M4 with a line. Repeat the same process for all the frames. We will then have a set of lines:

(S1, S2 . . . S5).

Let A1 be the upper body rotating angle of the first frame. Note that to calculate A1, is equivalent to calculate the rotating angle which rotates line S1 to S2 around the backbone B1 (see 302 of FIG. 3). Also note that the calculation of A1 is straight forward. There is no need to calculate the z-component of S1 and S2. We only need to treat the z-component of S1 as zero and ignore the z-component of S2. Repeat the same process for all the frames. We will then have all the angles

(A1, A2 . . . A5).

In FIG. 4, we redraw all the backbones Bi (i=1, 2 . . . 5) by giving (1) equal distance on x-direction and (2) the length of Bi equals Ai. The diagram we obtained is called the body acceleration diagram DIAG-BODY 402 (FIG. 4) and it represents the upper body mechanics of the golfer. The upper body acceleration diagram can be used to determine if the golfer moves his/her upper body correctly. The determination is done by comparing the diagram generated by the golfer with a correct one stored in database. See DIAG-BODYD 401 (FIG. 4).

The diagram stored in database is either known as the expert knowledge or predefined conditions.

401 of FIG. 4 is a correct acceleration diagram stored in database and 402 is an incorrect acceleration diagram generated by the golfer. From the comparison of these two diagrams, the system can obviously make a suggestion to the player that he/she needs to rotate his/her upper body more during the down swing.

Same as the upper body, the hip mechanics of a golf swing (i.e. the angle that the hip rotates around the backbone) can also be calculated in the same way. The only difference is that to calculate the angles we use the waist lines

(W1, W2 . . . W5)

Instead of the shoulder lines (S1, S2 . . . S5).

FIG. 5 shows how to construct the waist lines. Select two fixed locations M1 and M2 on the waist, and then connect M1 and M2 with a line W1. Note that only W1 is drawn in FIG. 5. For the simplicity of drawing, W2, W3 . . . W5 are not shown. (RULES-B)

(a) During a golf swing, the club head stays in a plane and this plane is known as the swing plane ([1]).

(b) The golfer's hand (or arm) will also stay in a slightly different plane.

In 601 of FIG. 6 PL is the swing plane of the club head and PN is the plane normal of PL. The (x, y z)-coordinates of PN are shown in 601 and 602 of FIG. 6. In 701 of FIG. 7, two fixed points M1 and M2 are selected on the club. Connect M1 and M2 we will have a line. Repeat the same process and we will have a set of lines

(C1, C2 . . . C5).

Note that for simplicity only C1 and C2 are drawn.

In 702 of FIG. 7, we define the angle AN1 as the rotating angle from C1 to C2 around the plane normal PN. Similar to the calculation of the said body angle A1, the calculation of AN1 is also straight forward. Repeat the same calculation and we will have all the club angles

(AN1, AN2 . . . AN5).

In FIG. 8 we construct a diagram by giving the y-values at xi equals ANi, where i=1, 2 . . . 5. The diagram we obtained here is called the club acceleration diagram DIAG-CHA 802, shown in FIG. 8.

Similar to body acceleration, the club acceleration diagram can also be used to determine if the golfer moves his/her club correctly. The determination is done by comparing the diagram generated by the golfer with a correct one stored in database. See diagram DIAG-CHAD 801 (FIG. 8).

The diagram stored in database is either known as the expert knowledge or predefined conditions.

FIG. 8 shows a correct acceleration diagram DIAG-CHAD 801 stored in database and an incorrect acceleration diagram DIAG-CHA 802 generated by the golfer. From the comparison of these two diagrams, once again the system can obviously make suggestion to the player that he/she needs to accelerate the club more during the down swing.

The hand (or arm) mechanics can also be calculated in the same way as the club rotation. The only differences are:

(a) hand (or arm) rotates around a slightly different plane PL′. The plane normal PN′ of PL′ is very close to PN. The (x, y, z)-coordinates of PN′ can also be obtained in the same way as PN.

(b) we use hand lines

(H1, H2 . . . H5) or arm lines

(AM1, AM2 . . . AM5)

Instead of club lines (C1, C2 . . . C5).

FIG. 9 shows how to construct lines (H1, H2 . . . H5) and (AM1, AM2 . . . AM5). Three fixed locations M1, M2 and M3 are selected. Line H1 is constructed by connecting M1 and M2 and the line AM1 is constructed by connecting M1 and M3. Note that only H1 and AM1 are drawn in FIG. 9. For simplicity, the rest of lines are not drawn.

Similarly, once the hand (or arm) mechanics are calculated, we can also construct the hand (or arm) acceleration diagram DIAG-CHA 802 (FIG. 8). Furthermore the system can then make suggestion to the player by comparing the diagram generated by the golfer with the one stored in database. See DIAG-CHAD 801 (FIG. 8).

Once again the diagram stored in database is either known as the expert knowledge or predefined conditions.

FIG. 10 shows the data flow of the system. Video photos 1001 are the input to the system. Physical rules 1002 are used for calculation. The body mechanics are calculated in 1003. The results of 1003 are passed to 1004 for swing analysis. The results of 1004 are used by 1005 to give advices to the golfer.

Note that in calculating the body mechanics of a golf swing, rules RULES-A and RULES-B are used as the foundation of the calculation. For other sports such as baseball or tennis the player's body mechanics will satisfy a different set of physical rules. To calculate the body mechanics, these different rules should be used. 

1. A system for training a person to move his/her body in a desired way, said system comprising: an interface for receiving sets of sequential images of a person performing an activity, a first set of said sets of sequential images being obtained from a first angle, and a second set of said sets of sequential images being obtained from a second angle different from said first angle; code defining a set of physical rules associated with acceptable body motion for said activity; stored data based at least in part on said physical rules and indicative of acceptable body motion for said activity; a calculator configured to calculate data indicative of body motion of said person performing said activity based on said physical rules by obtaining from said sets of sequential images one or more sets of two-dimensional lines defined by points on one or more objects in said images and calculating said data indicative of body motion of said person using said sets of two-dimensional lines; an analyzer operative to compare said data indicative of body motion of said person performing said activity with said stored data indicative of acceptable body motion; and a suggestion interface operative to provide suggestions to said person based on said comparison by said analyzer, said suggestions indicating how said body motion of said person should be changed to more closely match said acceptable body motion for said activity.
 2. A system according to claim 1, wherein: one of said objects is said person; and at least two of said points are points on said person's body.
 3. A system according to claim 2, wherein said at least two of said points define a line corresponding to the position of said person's spine.
 4. A system according to claim 3, wherein at least two more of said points define a line associated with the shoulder position of said person.
 5. A system according to claim 3, wherein at least two more of said points define a line associated with the hip position of said person.
 6. A system according to claim 1, wherein at least two of said points are points on an object held by said person.
 7. A system according to claim 6, wherein said object held by said person is a golf club.
 8. A system according to claim 1, wherein said first angle and said second angle are orthogonal to one another.
 9. A system according to claim 1, wherein: one of said first angle and said second angle is a front angle; and the other of said first angle and said second angle is a side angle.
 10. A system according to claim 1, wherein said rules define the rotation of said person's body around said person's spine.
 11. A system according to claim 1, wherein said rules define a plane of travel for an object swung by said person.
 12. A system according to claim 1, wherein said data indicative of said body motion of said person includes body acceleration data.
 13. A system according to claim 1, wherein said calculator is operative to calculate rotation of a golf club.
 14. A system according to claim 1, wherein said calculator is operative to calculate rotation of said person's hand.
 15. A computer-readable storage medium having code embodied therein for causing a computer to facilitate a method for training a person to move his/her body in a desired way, the method comprising: obtaining a set of physical rules associated with acceptable body motion for a particular activity; storing data indicative of said acceptable body motion based at least in part on said physical rules; obtaining from a first angle a set of sequential images of said person performing said activity; obtaining from a second angle different from said first angle another set of sequential images of said person performing said activity; obtaining from said images a set of two-dimensional lines defined by at least two points on one or more objects in said images based on said physical rules; calculating data indicative of body motion of said person performing said activity based on said physical rules; comparing said data indicative of body motion of said person performing said activity with said data indicative of acceptable body motion; and providing suggestions to said person based on said comparison of said data indicative of body motion of said person performing said activity with said data indicative of acceptable body motion.
 16. The computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein: one of said objects is said person; and said at least two points are points on said person's body.
 17. The computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein two of said at least two points define a line corresponding to the position of said person's spine.
 18. The computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein two more points define a line associated with the shoulder position of said person.
 19. The computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein two more points define a line associated with the hip position of said person.
 20. The computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein two of said at least two points are points on an object held by said person.
 21. The computer-readable medium of claim 10, wherein said object held by said person is a golf club.
 22. The computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein said first angle and said second angle are orthogonal to one another.
 23. The computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein: one of said first angle and said second angle is a front angle; and the other of said first angle and said second angle is a side angle.
 24. The computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein said rules define the rotation of said person's body around said person's spine.
 25. The computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein said rules define a plane of travel for an object swung by said person.
 26. The computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein said data indicative of said body motion of said person includes body acceleration data.
 27. The computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein said step of calculating data indicative of body motion of said person performing said activity includes calculating rotation of a golf club.
 28. The computer-readable medium of claim 15, wherein said step of calculating data indicative of body motion of said person performing said activity includes calculating rotation of said person's hand. 